Emerging research in the fields of genetics and psychology is beginning to illuminate a compelling and complex phenomenon: the transmission of trauma across generations. Beyond learned behaviors or familial narratives, we now understand that severe stress and adversity can leave measurable biological imprints—epigenetic modifications—that shape gene expression across generations. This evolving science offers a framework for understanding how historical and relational wounds may continue to influence mental and physical health long after the original trauma trigger has dissipated.

Betrayal trauma is an extremely painful emotional experience that occurs when someone we trust greatly, such as a close friend, family member, partner, or even system or institution, violates that trust. This type of trauma resonates deeply and impacts one’s emotional wellbeing, relational foundation, and ability to trust in the relationship moving forward. Therapy can aid the betrayed person in understanding the impact and processing the experience and emotional aftermath.

Religious trauma is something that many people don’t often talk about, but it’s more common than you might think. Whether you grew up in a strict religious environment or experienced a traumatic event within a faith community, the emotional and psychological scars can run deep. To add insult to injury, healing from religious trauma can be a long and complex journey.